Evaluation of Endothelial Dysfunction in Bipolar Affective Disorders: Serum Endocan and Urotensin-II Levels.

14) There is increasing suggestion in the literature that serum endocan levels can be used as an early biological marker of endothelial injury, as well as of its probable significance in determining arteriosclerosis and asymptomatic cardiovascular changes in the early stages. 15 – 17) In addition, higher endocan levels have been linked to insulin resistance and hypothyroidism. 18 , 19) Urotensin-II (U-II) is a cyclic 11Aa peptide first identified in the caudal neurosecretory syst

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