Exploring Training Effect in 42 Human Subjects Using a Non-invasive Sensorimotor Rhythm Based Online BCI.

A marginally significant improvement of ITR (ITR: S2–S1 = 0.25, SEM = 0.18, Z value = 1.4, p = 0.34; ITR: S3–S1 = 0.40, SEM = 0.18, Z value = 2.19, p = 0.07; ITR: S3–S2 = 0.14, SEM = 0.18, Z value = 0.79, p = 0.71) was shown from session 1 to session 3 in the group average results of all 42 subjects; a close to significant level of ITR improvement was only found in the low BCI performance group (ITR lowBCIperformance : S3–S1 = 0.22, SEM = 0.10, Z value = 2.23, p = 0.066), which is marked as a dot in Figure 2I .

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No statistically significant difference was observed from any session pair although a slightly increasing trend was visible.

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There was a statistically significant difference of PVC between session 1 and session 3 in the low BCI performance group (PVC low BCI performance : S3–S1 = 9.89%, SEM = 3.61, Z value = 2.74, p = 0.02), but not in the high BCI performance group (PVC High BCI performance : S3–S1 = 3.70%, SEM = 2.10, Z value = 1.76, p = 0.18) even though an increasing trend can be observed in Figure 2D .

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