The level of maternal iron status only accounts for about 6% of neonatal iron storage variability at birth, and it is not clear for other reasons that caused highly variation of birth endowment, but prematurity, LBW, intrauterine growth retardation, maternal smoking, and diabetes during pregnancy are likely to be significant factors ( Siddappa et al., 2007 ; Lonnerdal et al., 2015 ).
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