Inferring the direction of rhythmic neural transmission via inter-regional phase-amplitude coupling (ir-PAC).

In the laminar hippocampal datasets for example, which allow precise layer-specific localization of recordings (e.g., including the layer where CA3 theta input arrives in CA1 32 , 33 , 49 – 51 ) and using bipolar constructs permitting the most reliable GC estimations 27 , parallel ir-PAC and GC analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation between the two variables (Fig. 7 ), suggesting that ir-PAC reveals not only the direction but also the strength of rhythmic neural transmission.

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