Phenotypes of macrophages present in the intestine are impacted by stage of disease in cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

The IL-12 p40 subunit forms part of the heterodimer IL-23 [ 34 ], so the highly significant correlation between IL-12 and IL-23 (r = 0.880, p = 0.004; Table 3 ) noted in the tissue of subclinically affected cows was unsurprising ( Table 3 ).

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