Testing Hypotheses on Risk Factors for Scientific Misconduct via Matched-Control Analysis of Papers Containing Problematic Image Duplications.

Indeed, these analyses measured significant or marginally non-significant effects for all incentive and misconduct policy categories.

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Sharp and highly significant differences between effects measured on the latter and the former duplication categories were observed for authors’ citation scores and journal scores (Fig. 1 a), and for several country-level and team-level parameters (i.e.

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