Evaluating the Behavior and Temperament of African Penguins in a Non-Contact Animal Encounter Program.

We interpreted this positive relationship that trended toward significance to be indicative that the two novel objects were eliciting similar responses from the penguins, but acknowledged that the relationship failed to reach significance at the traditional p < 0.05 level, which we consider in our interpretation of the results below.

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We found that there was a possible trend for younger penguins to participate more often than older penguins, which was weakened when excluding Phil ( N = 15, Spearman r s = 0.222, p = 0.076; excluding Phil, N = 14, Spearman r s = 0.168, p = 0.145).

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