The proportion of TGF-β1–high tumors rose with the advancing stage: 45.4% (44/97) of non-invasive tumors, 73.8% (144/195) of early invasive and 77.7% (87/112) of muscle-invasive carcinoma overexpressed TGF-β1, with a highly significant difference between non-invasive and infiltrating urothelial carcinoma.
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Prognostic Impact of Canonical TGF-β Signaling in Urothelial Bladder Cancer.
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