At the same time, MSU crystals induced significant release of TNF-α, borderline significant release of MCP-1, and clearly elevated releases of IL-8 and IL-1RA (95% CI of difference from vehicle only exposed controls: 5–724 fg/ml, p adj = 0.047; −7–524 fg/ml, p adj = 0.056; 1008–2092 fg/ml, p adj = 0.0002; 2743–6741 fg/ml, p adj = 0.0005 respectively, n = 8).
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Crystallized but not soluble uric acid elicits pro-inflammatory response in short-term whole blood cultures from healthy men.
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