Low-dose inoculation of Escherichia coli achieves robust vaginal colonization and results in ascending infection accompanied by severe uterine inflammation in mice.

In contrast, MG1655 vaginal wash titers and uterine histology scores suggest a different relationship in which higher bacterial numbers were seen alongside higher uterine inflammatory scores, but a positive correlation did not quite reach statistical significance ( P = 0.0512) ( Fig 7F ).

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