a decreasing trendp < 0.01
Similar to the control group, the case groups showed a decreasing trend in observed species (Sobs) from early post-partum stage (EPP) to early disease (ED) stage ( Fig. 2 (A) control group, p < 0.01; (B) NEC group, p = 0.044; (C) LOS group, p = 0.013; Dataset S1 , Sheet “Sobs” two way RM ANOVA, p < 0.0001).