Combined effects of elevated CO₂ concentration and <i>Wolbachia</i> on <i>Hylyphantes graminicola</i> (Araneae: Linyphiidae).

The interactions of Wolbachia and elevated CO 2 concentration on total protein, amino acid content, peroxidase activity, and amylase activity were highly significant (two‐way ANOVA, F = 43.979, p < 0.0001; F = 34.696, p < 0.0001; F = 22.865, p < 0.0001; and F = 22.873, p < 0.0001), resulting in increased nutrient content and enzyme activity, which may be beneficial for H. graminicola in future. 4 DISCUSSION Wolbachia , an endosymbiotic bacterium, widespread in insects and Arachnida, have important effects on growth, development, and reproduction.

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Moreover, being exposed to elevated CO 2 concentration for only a short time, it was hard to generate extremely significant effects.

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