However, a portion of the results from large cohort studies may suggest a possible trend towards higher risk of ASD after use of certain types of antibiotics.
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Early Life Exposure to Antibiotics and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.
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The sentences
In one cohort study, a small trend towards a reduced risk of ASD in infants exposed to various antibiotics in their first year of life was observed, which was not significant in secondary analyses based on sibling-controlled design.
In secondary analyses, a borderline significance was found for the association of specific antibiotic groups with ASD, namely penicillin (aHR 0.92; 95% CI 0.84–1.00) and macrolides (aHR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77–0.99).
The first study reported a borderline significant increase in the risk of ASD after use of any antibiotics anytime during pregnancy (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.4).