Solar cycle response and long-term trends in the mesospheric metal layers.

Figure 4 shows that K is the only metal to show a highly significant negative correlation with both stratospheric and mesospheric O 3 at all latitudes (mean values of approximately −0.53 and −0.88, respectively), while both Na and Fe show weak largely nonsignificant weaker relationships, which depend on latitude.

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Finally, the CO 2 mesospheric column densities exhibit increasing global annual linear trends of +0.59% decade −1 (solar: +0.02%/100 sfu), while H 2 O generally indicates a decreasing trend at −1.41% decade −1 (−0.05%/100 sfu).

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The modeled K layer column density shows an increasing trend at all latitudes (Table 1 ) and exhibits a significant anticorrelation with temperature (Figure 3 ).

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