A randomised trial of non-invasive cardiac output monitoring to guide haemodynamic optimisation in high risk patients undergoing urgent surgical repair of proximal femoral fractures (ClearNOF trial NCT02382185).

Whilst the lack of effect is at odds with the original trials using goal-directed fluid therapy in this patient group (Sinclair et al., 1997 ; Venn et al., 2002 ), it mirrors the effects seen in the more recent trials where a clinically significant risk reduction was seen that failed to reach significance (Bartha et al., 2013 ; Moppett et al., 2015 ).

also in 4,113 other papers