Genome-wide association analysis of self-reported daytime sleepiness identifies 42 loci that suggest biological subtypes.

Secondary GWAS ( N = 255,426), excluding shiftworkers and individuals with chronic health or psychiatric illnesses, additionally identified significant variants in SEMA3D and revealed marginally significant interactions with health status at PATJ, ZENF326/BARHL2, ECE2, ASAP1 , and CYP1A1/CYP1A2 (interaction P < 0.05; Supplementary Fig. 6 , Supplementary Table 7 ).

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While the GRS association was highly significant including the three loci with nominal significance in the meta-analysis, the effect estimates removing the three loci remained at 67% of the original effect in HUNT and 86% of the original effect in Health 2000, suggesting that additional individual sleepiness loci contribute to the combined effect of the GRS.

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