Cardiovascular Health of Retired Field-Based Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

1 , 9 , 38 When stratified by ethnicity, African American athletes had a significantly greater prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, whereas white athletes failed to reach significance. 9 The high percentage of African American athletes in retired football player groups provides a possible understanding for the difference in impaired fasting glucose levels between retired athletes and controls, warranting further investigations.

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