In this study, preproliferative diabetic retinopathy or worse occurred in seven participants with a mean HbA 1c level of <6.5% (<48 mmol/mol), which was associated with an increased risk of borderline significance (P=0.05) versus an HbA 1c level of 6.5-6.9% (48-52 mmol/mol), and seven participants developed macroalbuminuria.
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HbA<sub>1c</sub> level as a risk factor for retinopathy and nephropathy in children and adults with type 1 diabetes: Swedish population based cohort study.
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