This mass loss is primarily driven by a 42% increase in runoff (1991–2017 versus 1958–1990), showing a positive trend of 6.6 ± 1.9 Gt year −2 ( Fig. 1B ), as compared to an estimated 4.4 ± 0.4 Gt year −2 trend in solid ice discharge ( 16 ).
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This mass loss is primarily driven by a 42% increase in runoff (1991–2017 versus 1958–1990), showing a positive trend of 6.6 ± 1.9 Gt year −2 ( Fig. 1B ), as compared to an estimated 4.4 ± 0.4 Gt year −2 trend in solid ice discharge ( 16 ).