There was an interaction between Shannon index and time regarding change in WAZ and WLZ (although the latter became marginally significant in the adjusted model) (Table 4 ); accordingly, cross-sectional models were examined, which revealed that diversity was positively related to change in WAZ (Table 5 and Fig. 3 ) and WLZ (Table 5 ) from 6 to 12 mo in both unadjusted and adjusted models, whereas there was no significant association with change in WAZ or WLZ from 12 to 18 mo.
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The association of gut microbiota characteristics in Malawian infants with growth and inflammation.
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