Humpback whale song occurrence reflects ecosystem variability in feeding and migratory habitat of the northeast Pacific.

At a fixed location in northern Monterey Bay from which weekly monitoring is conducted ( Fig 1B ), integrated pDA was highest leading into and during this first year of recording, and it exhibited a decreasing trend thereafter ( Fig 9F ).

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Changes in local abundance of whales? The first hypothesis for causality of the positive interannual trend in song is a positive trend in the local abundance of singing whales.

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Measurements of testosterone levels in blubber samples from North Pacific adult male humpback whales show minimum levels in summer, maximum levels in winter, and an increasing trend during fall [ 73 ], supporting the hypothesis of hormone levels as a regulatory factor in singing behavior.

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