A slope > 0 indicates an increasing trend; a slope < 0 represents a decreasing trend; n is the length of the time series, and x i and x j are ecosystem services at times i and j, respectively; σ is the standard deviation; and |Z|> 1.64 was regarded as a significant change.
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Construction of Ecological Security Patterns in Nature Reserves Based on Ecosystem Services and Circuit Theory: A Case Study in Wenchuan, China.
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