Sequential Multilingualism and Cognitive Abilities: Preliminary Data on the Contribution of Language Proficiency and Use in Different Modalities.

Flanker Task Inhibition As reported in Table 5 , the correlations indicated significant or marginally significant negative associations between mean foreign language proficiency in all separate modalities and combinations of modalities and the flanker effect, indicating that the higher the mean foreign language proficiency, the lower the flanker effect and thus the smaller the cost of resolving conflict caused by interfering stimuli.

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Relations between switching cost and mean proficiency in the remaining modalities and combinations of modalities pointed in the same direction (i.e., negative correlation) but failed to reach significance.

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