Biomarkers in Painful Symptomatic Knee OA Demonstrate That MRI Assessed Joint Damage and Type II Collagen Degradation Products Are Linked to Disease Progression.

Multivariate analysis for the pain scores as dependent variables showed that HADS was a highly significant factor ( p = 0.006) in determining pain for VAS, WOMAC, and PPT, and BMI a very significant factor ( P < 0.001) for VAS and WOMAC ( Figure 4 ).

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Since CTX-II was significantly correlated with BMI and almost significantly correlated with age ( Supplementary Table 2 ), BMI and age were used as covariates and included in the multivariate analysis to assess how CTX-II related to structural damage.

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