Finding phrases: On the role of co-verbal facial information in learning word order in infancy.

The ANOVA yielded a significant fixed effect of Age (F(1,118) = 17,541, p < .0001, partial ŋ 2 = 0.411 due to longer overall looking times in 4-month-olds than in 8-month-olds, a significant interaction between Order and Age (F(1,118) = 5.194, p = .025, partial ŋ 2 = .042), and a marginally significant interaction between Order, Age, and Type of AV information (F(1,118) = 3.514, p = .063, partial ŋ 2 = .029).

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In turn, the almost significant frequent-initial preference observed when exposed to misaligned cues could suggest that infants detected the incongruence between the auditory and visual facial cues (or at least were unable to integrate the facial cues in any way), and hence ignored the unreliable visual information and segmented the language based on the cumulative and more stable auditory sources of information, as found in certain instances with adults [ 46 – 47 ].

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