highly significantp < 0.005
Analysis of latency of uncertainty coding In standard uncertainty tasks, each neuron’s smoothed normalized activity aligned at CS onset was further smoothed with a 101 ms causal boxcar kernel and then tested at each millisecond starting 50 ms after CS onset for whether it met the following criteria: (1) highly significant ROC area for distinguishing pooled data from uncertain reward CSs from the certain 0% reward CS (p < 0.005), (2) highly significant ROC area for distinguishing pooled data from uncertain reward CSs from the certain 100% reward CS ( p < 0.005); (3) both ROC areas have the same “sign” (i.e., both > 0.5 indicating activation by uncertainty or < 0.5 indicating inhibition by uncertainty).