Different as night and day: Behavioural and life history responses to varied photoperiods in Daphnia magna.

DISCUSSION The experimental results provide strong evidence that differences in photoperiod alone, that is without the presence other cues (e.g., temperature, crowing, low nutrition), caused substantial changes in life history strategies, including (a) a decreasing trend in total fecundity (Figure 1 a); (b) significantly increased male production (Figure 1 b); and (c) indication of significantly increased metabolic rate (Figure 2 ) in the short‐day length (≤8‐hr daylight) photoperiods.

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