highly significantp < 0.001
For the observers’ freezing, a 6 epoch (baseline, shock 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) × 2 preexposure (preexposed versus nonpreexposed) ANOVA on observer freezing revealed highly significant main effects for epoch (F [3.406,54.497] = 21.682, p < 0.001), preexposure (F [1,16] = 35.97, p < 0.001), and epoch × preexposure interaction (F [3.406,54.497] = 5.804, p = 0.001).