Tumor microenvironment-derived S100A8/A9 is a novel prognostic biomarker for advanced melanoma patients and during immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibodies.

Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of overall survival (OS) revealed highly significant differences between primary melanoma samples with > 55% and ≤ 55% S100A8/A9 positive cells (TMA2: hazard ratio [HR] 8.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.80–24.07, P = .00012; TMA3: HR 6.10, 95% CI 2.71–13.76, P < .0001) as well as between metastatic samples using the same cut-off for S100A8/A9 positive cells (TMA2: HR 3.90, 95% CI 1.75–8.67, P = .00087; TMA3: HR 5.47, 95% CI 3.34–8.95, P < .0001) (Fig. 3 c-f).

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