tendency toward significancep = 0.07
Although condition showed a tendency toward significance ( χ 2 ( 2 ) = 5.12, p = 0.07, d = 0.42), a closer inspection of the results for condition indicated that participants performed worse in the silent-mode smartphone condition ( B = 0.78, 95% CI [0.15, 1.41], t = 2.05, p = 0.03, d = 0.38) than did participants in the turned-off smartphone condition, whereas no differences were found between participants in the calculator condition and those in the turned-off smartphone condition ( p = 0.32) or between participants in the calculator condition and those in the silent-mode smartphone condition ( p = 0.22).