79 A study of Polish children, who did apply sunscreen, on holiday by the Baltic Sea showed that daily borderline erythemal exposure results in a highly significant increase of serum 25(OH)D 3 . 80 These studies suggest that vitamin D synthesis occurs with low UVR doses and therefore sufficient UVR may be transmitted through a sunscreen for vitamin D synthesis.
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Ultraviolet A There has been an increasing trend over recent years for better UVA protection, with the aim of designing the ideal ‘neutral density’ sunscreen with ‘spectral homeostasis’ that mimics shade, i.e. it does not distort the natural solar UVR spectrum. 59 There is no global standard for UVA protection and requirements vary with regulatory domain. 31 The U.S.