However, this meta-analysis demonstrated a nonsignificant trend toward risk of stroke (RR 1.37; 0.80–2.34), and significant increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) (RR 1.74; 1.11–2.73) [ 95 ] A meta-analysis of effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen indicated that among women using estrogen-only preparations, oral but not transdermal preparations increased VTE risk (RR 1.48, 1.39–1.58; RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87–1.09, respectively) [ 96 •].
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