First genetic assessment of brackish water polychaete <i>Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus</i>: mitochondrial <i>COI</i> sequences reveal strong genetic differentiation and population expansion in samples collected from southeast China and north Vietnam.

The WZ location exhibited the highest haplotype diversity ( Hd =0.949) and nucleotide diversity ( π =0.009). Population structure and phylogenetic analysis Pairwise Φ ST values ranged from –0.013 to 0.951 for all locations and were highly significant ( P <0.01), except for two close location pairs (FA-FZ and HP-ND), whereas pairwise genetic distance varied from 0.001 to 0.063 ( Table 4 ).

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