Alternative transcription cycle for bacterial RNA polymerase.

coli , active intrinsic termination sites confirmed by Rend-seq data 39 were (in ~20% of cases) accompanied by highly significant levels (>12 standard deviations above the mean; see the “Methods” section) of a nearby (within 500 bp) RNA 5′ end mapping to the opposite strand, indicative of antisense initiation (Fig. 5b–d ).

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