The effect of waiting on aggressive tendencies toward emergency department staff: Providing information can help but may also backfire.

Results Wait duration, justice perceptions, and aggressive tendencies The regression analyses confirmed a marginally significant positive influence of wait duration on aggressive tendencies (β = 0.55, p = 0.09), partially supporting Hypothesis 1.

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This effect was stronger than that found in Study 1 (β = 0.22), and the effect size was substantial (ɳ 2 = 0.65), indicating that the marginal significance is due to the smaller sample size (n = 155 in the information condition in Study 1, versus n = 99 in Study 2).

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