Case series, contemporary review and imaging guided diagnostic and management approach of congenital pericardial defects.

13 However, PE may be significant for displacement of the apical impulse to the left, mid, or anterior axillary lines. 25 It may also show pectus excavatum, pericardial rub, left sternal edge-pulmonic ejection murmur, systolic mitral murmur, and apical or left sternal edge diastolic murmur. 17 26 Thirty-eight percent of our cases had pectus excavatum.

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