Intrinsic neuronal properties represent song and error in zebra finch vocal learning.

This difference between the juvenile and adult volumes was highly significant ( P < 10 −5 , unpaired t test, t = 7.9, d.f. = 14, comparing trace volumes of juveniles with trace volumes of non-manipulated adult birds with n ≥ 6 HVC X /bird).

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When we remove White 20, one of two birds with the fewest numbers ( N = 3) of HVC X recorded, all but one of the remaining birds considered individually had P values < 0.001 (16 birds), with the remaining one marginally significant ( P < 0.06), and with the group data yielding values of R = –0.75 and P < 10 −4 .

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