highly significantp < 0.01
The quantification results ( Figure 9 C) revealed an increase in carbonyl groups with plasma treatment from 32.36 nmol/mL at 5 min to 86.30 nmol/mL at 60 min, with a significant increase ( p < 0.05) first appearing at 10 min and a highly significant increase ( p < 0.01) at 60 min compared with the untreated sample.