The maternal origin of indigenous domestic chicken from the Middle East, the north and the horn of Africa.

The Central region of Iraq showed a highly significant ( P ≤ 0.001) and significant ( P ≤ 0.05) levels of genetic diversity compared to the other regions (North-East and South), with haplotype diversities of 0.725 ± 0.053 (Baghdad) and 0.712 ± 0.105 (Karbala), but 0.438 ± 0.121 for Misan in the South-East, and 0.182 ± 0.144 for Basra in the South (Table 1 and Additional file 1 : Table S2a).

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