a clear tendency to significancep = 0.05
The pooled results indicated that the SF-PCS scores were higher in the CDA group than in the ACDF group, with a clear tendency to significance (MD = 0.16, 95% CI: − 0.00–0.32, p = 0.05) and an inconspicuous heterogeneity ( I 2 = 0%, p = 0.995) while the effective size of SF-PCS did not exceed the MCID (Fig. 5 ).