Inferring the impacts of evolutionary history and ecological constraints on spore size and shape in the ferns.

Differences in spore size among species in the Polystichum study set were highly significant whether estimated from volume or its component measurements, whereas the difference in shape as represented by the length : width ratio was insignificant (Appendix 2 ).

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We have reported little evidence of a significant difference in spore shape across ploidy levels in this study; there is no relationship at all in the Polystichum taxa and marginal significance at best in the Adiantum study set.

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