Metformin treatment was associated with a lower risk of NPDR (aHR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68–0.87) and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR, aHR 0.29, 95% CI 0.19–0.45); however, the reduction in risk was borderline significant for STDR progression among NPDR patients (aHR 0.54, 95% CI 0.28–1.01).
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Metformin Treatment Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
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