How musical experience affects tone perception efficiency by musicians of tonal and non-tonal speakers?

For English musicians and non-musicians, the results revealed significant or marginally significant main effects of the following variables: vowel quality [χ 2 (1) = 43.46, p < 0.001], duration [χ 2 (1) = 6341.9, p < 0.001] and pitch direction [χ 2 (1) = 3.52, p = 0.06].

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Both intercept and slope values reached marginal significance for low and high vowels [χ 2 (2) = 5.15, p = 0.076].

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From Fig 3 , both English non-musicians and musicians also showed an increasing trend of sharpness of category boundary (coefficient b1) as stimulus duration increased.

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