Surgical treatment outcomes of the Ilizarov and internal osteosynthesis methods in posttraumatic pseudarthrosis of the tibia-a retrospective comparative analysis.

In the control group, bone union was achieved in 51% of patients; the Ilizarov group and the control group differed in terms of the median time to union (203 days and 271 days, respectively); however, this difference reached only borderline significance ( p < 0.091).

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The results were borderline significant ( Z = − 1.69, p = 0.091, η 2 = 0.03), which suggests that patients from the Ilizarov group needed a shorter time to achieve bone union (203.00 days vs. 271.00 days).

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The level of statistical significance was adopted at α = 0.05; however, p values between 0.05 and 0.1 were interpreted as showing a statistical trend towards significance [ 16 ].

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