Proinsulin to insulin ratio is associated with incident type 2 diabetes but not with vascular complications in the KORA F4/FF4 study.

In our study, proinsulin alone was associated with all-cause mortality after multivariable adjustment, whereas the associations with IMT, the combined cardiovascular end point and cardiovascular mortality, which were highly significant in the crude analyses, lost significance after multivariable adjustment, supporting the view that proinsulin is not an independent cardiovascular risk factor in the KORA F4 cohort.

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