Mesenchymal stem cell therapy alleviates the neuroinflammation associated with acquired brain injury.

14 , 18 However, there is an increasing trend arguing against classifying inflammatory responses within the constraints of in vitro defined macrophage polarization phenotypes “M1” and “M2.” There is evidence indicating the concurrent expression of both “M1” and “M2” phenotypic markers on the microglia/macrophages, suggesting that the polarization phenotypes cannot be easily confined within this M1/M2 binary nomenclature.

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