Linking brain structure and activation in anterior insula cortex to explain the trait empathy for pain.

However, a marginally significant gender differences between male and female were found on the EC ( t (24) = −1.894, p = .070) and the FS ( t (24) = −1.979, p = .059) subscales. 3.2 Behavioral results Mean rating scores of the two experimental conditions (painful and neutral) were 8.003 ± 0.795 and 1.133 ± 0.263 (mean ± SD ), respectively (see Figure 2 a).

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