Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells inhibit neointimal hyperplasia by activating the Erk1/2 signalling pathway in rats.

It has been known that the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells is exceedingly significant for the initiation and progression of neointimal hyperplasia, but the effects of endothelial cells have also been considered irreplaceable.

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Thus, the accelerated re-endothelialization of the damaged vessels may be significant for the recovery of endothelial function to prevent the formation of a thrombus and excessive neointimal formation.

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