Contemporary Cardiovascular Risk Assessment for Type 2 Diabetes Including Heart Failure as an Outcome: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

MACE components including HF [ 37 ] are manifestations of, or have a major contribution from, atherosclerosis, and so there is likely to be significant overlap between the risk factors for individual complications including hyperglycaemia in the case of HF due to diabetic cardiomyopathy [ 38 ] rather than atherosclerosis.

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