Evaluation of toxicity of aerosols from flavored e-liquids in Sprague-Dawley rats in a 90-day OECD inhalation study, complemented by transcriptomics analysis.

There were limited flavored e-liquid exposure-related changes in the epithelial thickness; although there was a slight trend in increase of thickness following nicotine exposure, the majority are not statistically significant, especially in males, and statistical differences are mainly found in females exposed to non-flavored reference and sporadically flavored e-liquid aerosols ( p ≤ 0.01).

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